The dark side of the Pareto Principle is that we tend to focus excessively on the high payoff 20 percent. We over-manage this 20 percent, and under-manage the other 80 percent. This leads to what we might call the Pareto Paradox: There is usually more actual opportunity in the under-managed 80 percent than the over-managed 20 percent. That is, sometimes we learn that when we attack the many small opportunities we can improve, for example, cycle time, which of course requires low fixed transaction cost per decision.